1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握Java GUI中框架创建及属性设置中常用类的API；
(2) 掌握Java GUI中2D图形绘制常用类的API；
(3) 了解Java GUI中2D图形中字体与颜色的设置方法；
(4) 了解Java GUI中2D图像的载入方法。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1： 导入第10章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1：
l 运行下列程序，观察程序运行结果。
import javax.swing.*;public class SimpleFrameTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.setBounds(0, 0,300, 200); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }} 
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材407页程序10-1，结合程序运行结果理解程序；与上面程序对比，思考异同；
l 掌握空框架创建方法；
l 了解主线程与事件分派线程概念；
l 掌握GUI顶层窗口创建技术。
import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;/** * @version 1.33 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */public class SimpleFrameTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { SimpleFrame frame = new SimpleFrame(); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); }}class SimpleFrame extends JFrame{ private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public SimpleFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }} 
测试程序2：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材412页程序10-2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握确定框架常用属性的设置方法。
import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;/** * @version 1.34 2015-06-16 * @author Cay Horstmann */public class SizedFrameTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new SizedFrame(); frame.setTitle("SizedFrame"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); }}class SizedFrame extends JFrame{ public SizedFrame() { // get screen dimensions Toolkit kit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); Dimension screenSize = kit.getScreenSize(); int screenHeight = screenSize.height; int screenWidth = screenSize.width; // set frame width, height and let platform pick screen location setSize(screenWidth / 2, screenHeight / 2); setLocationByPlatform(true); // set frame icon Image img = new ImageIcon("icon.gif").getImage(); setIconImage(img); }} 
测试程序3：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材418页程序10-3，结合运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握在框架中添加组件；
l 掌握自定义组件的用法。
import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;/** * @version 1.33 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */public class NotHelloWorld{ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new NotHelloWorldFrame(); frame.setTitle("NotHelloWorld"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); }}/** * A frame that contains a message panel */class NotHelloWorldFrame extends JFrame{ public NotHelloWorldFrame() { add(new NotHelloWorldComponent()); pack(); }}/** * A component that displays a message. */class NotHelloWorldComponent extends JComponent{ public static final int MESSAGE_X = 75; public static final int MESSAGE_Y = 100; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.drawString("Not a Hello, World program", MESSAGE_X, MESSAGE_Y); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }}
测试程序4：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材424 -425页程序10-4，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握2D图形的绘制方法。
import java.awt.*;import java.awt.geom.*;import javax.swing.*;/** * @version 1.33 2007-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */public class DrawTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new DrawFrame(); frame.setTitle("DrawTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); }}/** * A frame that contains a panel with drawings */class DrawFrame extends JFrame{ public DrawFrame() { add(new DrawComponent()); pack(); }}/** * A component that displays rectangles and ellipses. */class DrawComponent extends JComponent{ private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 400; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400; public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // draw a rectangle double leftX = 100; double topY = 100; double width = 200; double height = 150; Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(leftX, topY, width, height); g2.draw(rect); // draw the enclosed ellipse Ellipse2D ellipse = new Ellipse2D.Double(); ellipse.setFrame(rect); g2.draw(ellipse); // draw a diagonal line g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(leftX, topY, leftX + width, topY + height)); // draw a circle with the same center double centerX = rect.getCenterX(); double centerY = rect.getCenterY(); double radius = 150; Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(); circle.setFrameFromCenter(centerX, centerY, centerX + radius, centerY + radius); g2.draw(circle); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }} 
测试程序5：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材432页-433程序10-5，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解2D图形中字体的设置的方法；
import java.awt.*;import java.awt.font.*;import java.awt.geom.*;import javax.swing.*;/** * @version 1.34 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */public class FontTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new FontFrame(); frame.setTitle("FontTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); }}/** * A frame with a text message component */class FontFrame extends JFrame{ public FontFrame() { add(new FontComponent()); pack(); }}/** * A component that shows a centered message in a box. */class FontComponent extends JComponent{ private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; String message = "Hello, World!"; Font f = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 36); g2.setFont(f); // measure the size of the message FontRenderContext context = g2.getFontRenderContext(); Rectangle2D bounds = f.getStringBounds(message, context); // set (x,y) = top left corner of text double x = (getWidth() - bounds.getWidth()) / 2; double y = (getHeight() - bounds.getHeight()) / 2; // add ascent to y to reach the baseline double ascent = -bounds.getY(); double baseY = y + ascent; // draw the message g2.drawString(message, (int) x, (int) baseY); g2.setPaint(Color.LIGHT_GRAY); // draw the baseline g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x, baseY, x + bounds.getWidth(), baseY)); // draw the enclosing rectangle Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, bounds.getWidth(), bounds.getHeight()); g2.draw(rect); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }} 
测试程序6：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材436页-437程序10-6，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解2D图形图像的显示方法。
import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;/** * @version 1.34 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */public class ImageTest{ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new ImageFrame(); frame.setTitle("ImageTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); }}/** * A frame with an image component */class ImageFrame extends JFrame{ public ImageFrame() { add(new ImageComponent()); pack(); }}/** * A component that displays a tiled image */class ImageComponent extends JComponent{ private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; private Image image; public ImageComponent() { image = new ImageIcon("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\12.jpg").getImage(); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { if (image == null) return; int imageWidth = image.getWidth(null); int imageHeight = image.getHeight(null); // draw the image in the upper-left corner g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // tile the image across the component for (int i = 0; i * imageWidth <= getWidth(); i++) for (int j = 0; j * imageHeight <= getHeight(); j++) if (i + j > 0) g.copyArea(0, 0, imageWidth, imageHeight, i * imageWidth, j * imageHeight); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }}
总结：这周JAVA课程学习了图形程序设计，明白了组件是构成图形用户界面的元素，用图形表示(能在屏幕上显示，能和用户进行交互)，容器是Java中能容纳和排列组件的组件。 常用的容器是框架（Frame,JFrame)，了解了2D图形的绘画方式，又通过上一章的测试，使得对上一章知识有了更好的回顾。